Improvement in vehicles for paint compounds



I06. COMPOSITIONS,

COATING 0R PLASTlC UNITED STATES I SUBSTITUTED FOR MISSING COPY- PATENT, O F CE."

F. KUHLMANN,"OF LILLE, FRANCE.

lMF'ROVEMENT IN VEHICLES FOR PAlN'l' COMPOUNDS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 15,520, dated August 12, 1856.

alkaline silicates,@ of several silicates ith d fi nLBa-ses, to cemen ing, pain ing, prin "ing, ant Tl'ifislng or finishing fabrics. The

silicate which I prefer using as being the most economical to prepare when it is applied as a solution is silicate of otash which is or may be obtained by Heating lgg during six or eight hours in asolutign of caustic potash havin g a specific gravity of IIIGW'ibbHtftlitem- -perature beingthat corresponding with a pressure of five or six atmospheres. Instead of potash,1 also sometimes use gagstig sp da; but this latter ismore liable to produce white effiorescences on the paintings, especially if the silicious compound be not thoroughly saturated with silica. The vessel which I use for the said preparing operation is a strong-cylindrical steam-boiler. The silica is kept from the bottom of the boiler by means of a diaphragm of perforated sheet iron, and by using silex or pieces of common un-flint, such as they are found in chalk formations, the calcareous matter adhering to the same having previously been got rid of by washing with dilute muriatic acid, it will be found that the solution is efi'ected without any sediment settling at the bottom of the boiler. When sand is used it will be advisable to employ some mechanical means of stirring or agitating; but I generally refer using gun-flint either in its native state @6156 after liavingfd sintegrate d the sam'efbi, .hill asl in, sold n mawhenmdhe ever, all silicious matters may be used and yield solutions that are more or less colorless. The solutions thus obtained are sufliciently thick or dense to be used at once, and it is even necessary to weaken them for very siccative or fast drying paints or colors. On the contrary, when it is desired to produce a varnish the solution is still further concentrated. The silicate may also be prepared in the dry proc e s s. The operation in this case is carrfiad'oii in a reverberatory furnace by using one and one-third or two parts of silicate to one part of carbonate of potash, add I Heat the whole during six or seven hours till a complete fusion is obtained. This modus operandi may be objected to when used for making solutions for painting, on account of certain sulphurets remaining' present, which cause severalcolors to grow black or dark; but this may be obviated by meltingthe compound in acrucible and adding a small portion of nitrate of pp t a h to the mixture of silica and (roast:

The solutions of alka me 'Ti'cate which form the base of my new or improved paints are reduced to the proper liquid consistency for being used with the brush by mixing said so- 7 lutions with the greater parlt of mineral colors or i mer ts, either natura or artificia t at are at present in use, excepting, of course, those that are altered bytlie presence of the alkali-asPrussian'blue,tbrinstance. Sornecolors of th'esafiie kindare diflicult to apply, and require great precautions,being rather strongly attacked by the solution of silicate of potash, and by partially combining with-silica-for instance, white lead, chromateot lead 850. These latter kind of colors must therefore be used with weaker solutions or else in conjunction with substances having a less affinity for silica.

It may also be observed that even the more insoluble kjgfl i colors are attacked a little y e silicate. Among hese we have the artificial or natural sulphate of barytes, which forms an exceeding y wintemnd 0 cap base, and agrees very well with. the silicate by thoroughly uniting with it. Although this white base does not cover quite so well as white lead, yet it is preferable on account of the low price at which it can be obtained.

When the improved paints are used the surface or object to which the paint is applied must sometimes be filled up or cemented the same as when oil, turpentine, gelatine, starch, 850., are used. For this purpose I 19393 a cei nent or mastic from the ame solutiori, which: 1ZQTEHYFYi'tratedlof"tliepurpdsdfiiafd(Zornpound ed with fas z-clrvir su bstances-such as white lead arti c a car bonacot' Barvteaphospfiate line, chalk, oc er oxi e of man anese, oxcledf 11011, & a-Elie mixture being appliem the joints.

The silicate colors above described may be rubbed over or smoothed down with pumice Examiner layers, and covered with a varnish that is Ben.

' which may be ornamented with the most vainsoluble in water, even if it be boiling. This stone. They can also be laid on in several made with a dilute solution of the same silicate as has been use or ma mg e pain 1 The silicious paints may not only be applied to stone and wood, but also to metals, glass, and porcelain. These colors, sticking very satisfactorily to metallic surfaces-echer, oxide of manganese or oxide of iron and 1 lica emay e use to preserve the lIOl] from rust instead of minium (red lead) and linseed-oil. Also, by applying successive layers of a mixture of silica}? and -artificial sul hate of barytes upon rig tened surfaces of cast- .iron a very durable and hard kind of enamel is obtained that can be vitrified by heat, if required. Oxide of manganese may be used in the same way, and gives a black ermmeLof a superior description.

.The silicate colors produce remarkably fine results when applied to glass-paintin g, and the pigments which I chiefly make use of for that purpose are transparent or opaque enamels, which are reduced to fine powder. All the other colors and also or anic urn-lac colors .are equally applicable; but these latter are liable to get changed by the presence of free alkali, and are less solid than mineral colors.

I also sometimes form an imitation of dull ground glass by applying artificial or natural sulphate of barytes and the soluble silicates on glass either cold or vitrifying the same by heat, so as to produce a white enamel.

The processes above described for glasspainting are equally applicable to porcelain,

ried and elegant colors, either when it"is enameled or not, gln'scotto i the painting in the latter case em g coatedover with silicated varnish or enamel.

In any of the applications above set forth the varnish or enamel after some time becomes iusolubility may still further be insured byTEE' addltTdH'Ofthe' coloring oxides or of a small quantity of artificial carbonate of bar tes, which is disstmmmmfimgfin'e cases, when the colors are not very siccative, they may be rendered more insoluble by washing the painting after it has hardened with a t glu ionaot ydr flnosilie saeiqi which fixesfthe potash. However, this means need .sut'veryseldoni be resorted to. The paintin gs may be made still more insoluble by washing them with a weakened solution of muriate of amma- J'T'My newblack colors or pigmentswhich are made with lamp-black are as homogeneous or there is no danger of a double silicate forming. It will also be found useful to increase the drying powers of the silicate by adding a little artificial carbonateof bar tes. Thesame precautions may be'tElZen wit respect to other colors that are not very liable to be attacked bythealkalinesilicate. These blackcolorsmay also be used as rinters ink giving a very fine and durable letr-press. is the silicated ink, however, is liable to get thick soon under the roller, a little treacle may be mixed with it to facilitate the wor Instead of black colors, any others may equally be applied to paper. Also, by printing a colorless and concentrated silicious solution on the pEp'eYTpr'p'aYE'tEe 'sani's'ror nart and silvering; or the silicious solution may be used for fixing on paper and other surfaces thin leaves of metal which are rendered adhesive merely by sllghtly damping them with saliva or some umm li uid. The process as described with regard to letter-press printing are also applicable to the manufacture of papers for hanging rooms, &c.

The same means and processes may also be applied to fixing on fabrics certain adjective colors-such as ultrap; arine-and for printing on fabrics any lac colors of organic origin which give tolerably solid designs.

The colors may be fixed by using in suitable proportions any of the above substances employed for rendering the silicated ainting insoluble; or any salt which decohposesesncate that is s so u e answers e same pur- The silicious solution is also employed as the base of a most unalterable writing-ink. For this purpose I prepare a liquid of a brownishblack b boilin ieces Erna-1mm solutlon ofca'ustlc soda or )otasli and this alkaline solution is then saturated with silica that is in a state of ell and if a deeper Black .1s to Be given to Elie ink carbonaceous in redients of india-ink must be a e a c am as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

The admixture of silicate of alkali in substance with a paint, varnish, ink, or dye, (instead of usingit in layers or coatings, as heretofore done,) using for the protection of the several individual coloring-matters such agents as are known to scientific or practical chemists and which have been described in this specification.

FRED. KUHLMANN.

Witnesses GARDISSAL,

mix as well as the others. In these colors 0. Mac RAE. 

